Piston



H. W. BENDER Dec. 25 1923.

I Filed June 2o' A Suunto@ Hmmy W 55m-)m his @lioznm Y 7/ enanas nee as, ieee.

EENRY-W. RENDERE, F BEUOKLYN, NEW YORK.

` rrs'roiv.

Application filed June 20, 1921. Serial No. 478,95*?.

To all tf1/tom t may concern.' features of construction not actually illus- Be it known that l, HENRY W. BENDER, a trated herein, but nevertheless within the citizen of the United States, residing in scope and spirit of the invention, and con- Brooklyn in the county of lings and State stituting no departure therefrom, to the full e of N ew York, have invented certain new and extent indicated by the general meanings of il@ useful Improvements in Pistons, of which the terms in which the appended claims are the following is a speciiication. eX ressed.

This invention relates to an improvement .n the drawingsin pistons; particularly pistons for gas en- Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view i gines and other power units. of a piston according to my invention, the G5 An object of this invention is to provide Section being on the line 1 1 of Figure 2; a piston that can be connected to the rod for Figure 2 is an elevation thereof, seen from uniting the piston to the crank shaft of the the open end; engine, by a wrist pin or other member Figure 3 is another longitudinal section which is located entirely within the piston taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2; 7@

and is completely enclosed thereby; the de- Figure l is atop plan of one of the pillow sign of the piston being such that there is no blocks or bearing elements for securing the need for drilling or otherwise fashioning a plstoii rod to the piston; and hole transversely through the piston below Flgure 5 is EL longitudinal sectional view y 2o the top thereof to receive the Wrist pin, of such pillow block or bearing element. To

Hence there is ne danger ef l@he Wrist pin The same numerals indicate the same parts becoming displaced and projecting to the l1OuglOutoutside of the piston, and all risk of the pin The bodyl of the piston is indicated by scoring the inside of the engine cylinder is the numeral l'. lt is hollow and of the usual thus Obviated, Y shape, preferablycylindrical, with the bot- So Another object of my invention is to protoni or lower end open and the top or upper vide a piston which can be used for various @Hd 2, ClGSed. ln practice, of course, the styles of automobile and similar engines, @PSII OWQI' end is presented to the crank and he united to the red of the pieton in shaft of the engine, and the top 2 to the head 3o Such a Way that Jhe distance between the of the cylinder containing the piston; and so center of the wrist pin, or other member conthe plSO HIOVGS in the Clde S0 that the necting the piston and piston rod together, Op approaches the head of said cylinder and the top er heed of the pieten, een always and recedes therefrom, as the piston makes be given the proper value; so as to avoid any its in and out'strokes. @n the inside of the change in the dimensions of the compression PISOH, PI'OVlde inte-:imi 111945; WO Of ihs 99 Space in the engine; the relative position of lugs being located on one rside and indicated the wrist pin inside the piston being made by the numeral 3; and two on the opposite adjustable, for this purpose, in a convenient Side, and indicated by `the numeral 4l. The and praetieel manner, lugs 3 are the saine distance apart on one eo A further Object ef this invention is te side of the piston as the lugs e on the other, et provide e pieten that een he formed of relaand to those faces of the lugs which are pretively light and thin material and et the sented towards the open end of the piston l, saine time have suiiicient strength to bear l secure pillow blocks or bearing members 5. with safety the full force or thrust of the eX- Two such pillow blocks are used, one to ploding or burning charge of fuel in the bridge the lugs 3 and the other to bridge the ico working chamber of the cylinder in which lugs 4:; and each of these pillow blocks has the piston moves. an opening or hole 6 through it to receive Gther objects and advantages of this inthe wrist pin which unites the piston to the vention will appear from the following derod, not shown, for connecting the piston to scription, taken .with the accompanying the crank shaft. 0n the outside of the pisico drawings; which disclose the preferred emton are provided a number of peripheral bodiment of my invention; and the characgrooves 7, adjacent the top 2, to receive the teristics of the invention will be defined in usual packing rings which hold the piston the appended claims. rlliis disclosure howtightly in the cylinder containing it. To ever, is illustrative only, and l may resort to attach the pillow blocks 5 to the lugs 3 and llo @gli 4c, I provide holes 8 in the pillow blocks at each side of the wrist pin opening 6.V Through these holes 8 pass bolts 9, 'threaded at one end to engage bores 10 in the lugs 3 and e; and the bolts are also threaded at their opposite ends to vreceive nuts 11 to force the pillow blocks tight against the erigaging faces of the lugs 3 and 4.

V Therefore, it will be seen that the wrist pin is located entirely within the piston 1 and is completely. enclosed thereby; andV no reason exists for boring a holein. the usual manner throughrthe. sides of the piston at oppositey point-stol provide bearings. for this wrist pin. `When a wrist pin is made to engage the piston byy means of such a hole in the sides thereof, it often sticks out at one end on one side ofthe piston, during the operation of thev engine,y and scores the inside ofy the cylinder.. Much damage is done in this way, and frequently the cylinder that hasbeen vsubjected to such scoring `has to be re-bored inside to render it lit for further service. With my. construction all danger of such scoring is removed, because therel are no wrist pin holes-in the opposite sides ofthe piston; andV consequently the wrist pin cannot move endwise so asv to project toy the outside of the piston at all. The wristpin can be held tight or loose in theholes of the pillow blocks or bearing elements 5 secured tothe lugs 3 and 4. The holes. 6 may `extend through the pillow blocks, .or ifid'esired only part way into the same; and if thewrist pin is tolbe ymade to engagethe pillow bloclrs tightly, any suitf able means can be employed tol hold its ends rmly in the holes 6.

Each of the lugs 3 is united to Lthe oppositelug 41 by means ofl a rib12. The ribs 12v areparallel to yeach other inside the piston 1, andas indicated in Figure 1, have the form of arches. As the piston can be cast in one piece with the lugs and the ribs, each rib-12- mergesinto or blends with thelugs 3 ande at its, opposite` ends. These ribs are .intersected by another pair of parallel ribs 13 which extend transversely of, the ribs 12 and brace these ribs 12. By means of the ribs 12 and 13, the top 2 is .reinforced and. strengthened and the whole cylinder, including the top 2 and the lateral walls of thepiston can be made relatively light, and yet .the piston will have suiiieient strength to@ receive and safely transmit the full powerof the burning fuel tothe piston rod and through the rod tothe crank shaft. In other words the thrust, due to the energy of the, burning fuel. when thev piston is working, is ,exerted onlyon the ribs and the lugs of the piston; and onlyK4 the sidethrust falls uponthe lateral walls of the piston.

The pillow blocks may be .provided with bushings' or linings 1li .for theholes v6 and thedistanceof theseV pillow blocks from the raf/ases top 2 can be varied by the use of shims or liners 15 between the blocks andthe engaging faces of the lugs 3 and 4. Thisfeature of the invention is important because there are numerous styles of engines having cylinders of the same-bore-and therefore pistons ofthe saine diameter, but with varying distances between the top 2 and the center of the wrist pin/which engages the rod for connecting the piston and crank shaft together. Hence the centers of the openings 6 in` the v.pillowbloclrs will often have tobe nearer tothe Vtop Y2 or farther from the top 2 by a distance thatmay amount to a ycon,- siderable fraction. of an inch or more; and the right distance mustbe. maintainedin every case, sov that when ,the headof the piston is at the inner end of its.strolre,the distance` between the top 2 and` heard ofthe cylinder is notchanged. Otherwise the degrec of ycompression ofthe enginewill be altered and the operating efficiency for which theengine has been designed will not be secured, but by the use. of theelements or liners 15theright distance .between the center of the wrist. pin holes l6 andthe surface; ofthe top.;2 can always. be easily. secured and an exactlitobtained for any style of engine thatis to'be used.. The piston can therefore be made tofserve forvariousstyles of engines having cylinders of the sameinside diameteigno matter whatv may 1bethe distance in suchg engines ,between thetop .of

the piston and the axial centenof-thewrist pin.

The entirepiston can be cast :in onepiece; and from-the above description, it will be seen thattall the advantagesenumerated can be secured by the use of relatively few parts. The' piston itself is quite simple ,inconst-ruction and shapeand so are.v the pillow blocks 5 andthe screws and nuts'to secure the pillow blocks `-to-thelu`gs-3v and 4; hence the pistoncan be easily-manufactured` and is relatively inexpensivev to produce.

Of .course the piston ca nbe used not only for lengines butnfor pumpsalso.

The l,thickness ,of, the walls and top Vof the piston and ofthe ribs 12. and 13,1.aswell as the sizeof the lugs .f3 andl, and theirlength, measured from the top of the piston towards the opening arel matters of design .and-.are determined by the circumstances of V.each particular' case.-

l-laving `described .my invention, what l believe to be new and desire to y. secureand protect by Letters Patent .of ,the,U1iited States, is

1. .A hollow 4piston having internally; proj ectinglugs at diamet-rically'opposite'points, a pillow. block -adjustably secured `tothe lugs on the insideofsaid piston at one side thereof, and a pillowv block adjustably sef cured in the piston to the-.lugsat theother side thereof, whereby the distance of said blocks from the top of the piston can be varied, said blocks having alined openings to receive a wrist pin.

2. A hollow piston having a closed top, reinforcing ribs extending across the inside face of said top on the interior of the piston to strengthen the saine, internally projecting lugscarried on the inside of the piston and unit-ed with the opposite extremities of each of said ribs, ribs extending transversely of the rst ribs across the inner face of said top, a pillow block secured to the lugs at one side of said piston, a pillow block secured to the lugs at the other side of said piston, the pillow blocks having alined openings to receive a wrist pin, and elements between said blocks and said lugs to adjust the distance of said blocks from the top of said piston.

In witness whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, this 11th day of April, 1921.

HENRY W. BENDER. 

